1990s

 

• The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) released an initiative for the nursing minimum data set (NMDS).  The NMDS is a nursing classification system that represents nursing care in the Canadian Institute of Health Information’s (CIHI) centralized national health data system (Kaminski, 2014).  In 1991, the American Nurses Association (ANA) recognized the NMDS as the basis for nursing documentation (Saba, 2001).

 

• In 1992, nursing informatics was accepted as a nursing specialty by the ANA (Saba, 2001).  In London the same year, the first international nursing conference was held (Murray, 2010).

 

• The World Wide Web was launched in 1993 (Murphy, 2010).

 

• In 1995, the first Nursing Informatics Expert credentialing exam was administered by the ANA (Saba, 2001).

 

• In the late 1990s, telemedicine was recognized as a specialty (Saba & McCormick, 2006, as cited in McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012).